张小安,巩杰,徐建刚,刘虎兵,张晓芸,李奎

• 1:兰州交通大学机电工程学院
• 2:兰州交通大学铁道车辆热工教育部重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

我国西部地区运营的沙漠铁路面临严重风沙危害，在生物防沙见效周期长的背景下，采用机械防沙措施依然是行之有效的方式。为进一步提升挡沙墙的防风阻沙性能和服役性能，并延长维护周期和降低运维成本，基于目前挡沙墙服役过程中存在的不足，提出一种新型双层结构挡沙墙设计方案，并采用风沙两相流理论和风洞试验相结合的方式，系统研究了新型双层结构挡沙墙的风沙流特性、沙粒沉积率和阻沙效率等性能，旨在设计一类防风阻沙性能更优、服役周期更长和维护成本更低的新型挡沙装置，服务沙漠铁路的可持续发展。研究结果表明：新型双层结构挡沙墙的双层空腔设计、沙粒沉积导流设计和孔隙变化设计，可在其背风侧形成更加明显的减速区，既有效提升了防风效果和沙粒沉积效率，还将沙粒主要沉积区引导至距墙5H～11H(H为墙高)的范围内，缓解了由于沙粒在挡沙墙附近沉积过多而导致的失效问题，延长了挡沙墙的使用寿命。除极端恶劣的风速环境外，新型双层结构挡沙墙在防风效率、积沙位置和阻沙效率等方面均具有显著的优势，可有效降低风沙环境下的铁路运营危害，是一种合理有效的机械防沙设计方案。

关键词(KeyWords)： 机械沙障;双层结构;数值模拟;风洞试验;阻沙效率

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(52362049);; 兰州交通大学青年科学基金(2024030);; 中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(L2024G008);; 中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划(策源地2025-专项-03);; 甘肃省科技计划(25JRRA158)

作者(Author): 张小安,巩杰,徐建刚,刘虎兵,张晓芸,李奎

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